Writing a Bibliography
General Guidelines
- Look on the title page and the copyright page for the information you need.
- If there is more than one place of publication, choose the first place listed, even if it's a city that's further away.
- If there is no author, leave it blank.
- If there is no place, write "N.p."
- If there is no publisher, write "n.p."
- If there is no date, write "N.d."
- If there is more than one copyright date, choose the most recent.
- Your bibliography pages should be double-spaced.
- Alphabetize your list by the last name of the author/editor. If there is no author, alphabetize that one by the title of the article or book.
Books
| Basic format |
Author. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year. |
| Examples |
Bright, Michael. Eagles. New York: Gloucester, 1990.
Simon, Seymour. Big Cats. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.
|
Magazines
| Basic format |
Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine Date: Pages. |
| Examples |
“Alligators.” Zoobooks Sept. 1995.
Eliot, John L. “Polar Bears.” National Geographic Feb. 2004: 30-47.
|
Note: If you are using the entire magazine, you do not have to give the pages.
General Encyclopedias (e.g. World Book)
| Basic format |
“Title of Entry/Article.” Title of Encyclopedia. Year. |
| Examples |
“Cats.” World Book Encyclopedia. 2003.
“Snakes.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 1994.
|
Other Reference Books
| Basic format |
Author. “Title of Article.” Title of Book. Volume, number. Year. Pages. |
| Examples |
“Flat-headed Cat.” Endangered Wildlife of the World. Vol. 2. 1993. 172.
"J. K. Rowling." Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 34. Detroit: Gale, 2000. 177-182.
Winks, Robin W. "Agatha Christie." British Writers. Sup. II. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992. 83-87. |
Web Pages
| Basic format |
Author. “Title of Page.” Title of Web Site. Year created/modified. Date accessed. <Address>. |
| Examples |
“Cheetah.” Cats Mild to Wild. N.d. 2 Feb. 2004.
<http://www.lam.mus.ca.us/cats/>.
Csomos, Rebecca Ann. “Gorilla Gorilla.” Animal Diversity Web. 2004.
30 Jan. 2004. <http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/
accounts/information/Gorilla_gorilla.html>.
“Sharks.” The Canadian Museum of Nature. 2003. 4 Feb. 2004.
<http://www.nature.ca/notebooks/ english/sharks.htm>. |
Note: Remember, if there is no copyright or modification date, write "N.d."